begin implementation of IDT

8 files changed, 175 insertions, 0 deletions

diff --git a/arch/x86_64/include/arch/boot/pointers.hpp b/arch/x86_64/include/arch/boot/pointers.hpp
index fe9c657..2a43f22 100644
--- a/arch/x86_64/include/arch/boot/pointers.hpp
+++ b/arch/x86_64/include/arch/boot/pointers.hpp
@@ -10,6 +10,11 @@ namespace teachos::arch::boot
    */
   extern "C" size_t const multiboot_information_pointer;
 
+  /**
+   * @brief Address pointing to the start of the multiboot information structure.
+   */
+  extern "C" size_t const segment_register_reload_pointer;
+
 }  // namespace teachos::arch::boot
 
 #endif  // TEACHOS_ARCH_X86_64_BOOT_POINTERS_HPP
diff --git a/arch/x86_64/include/arch/context_switching/descriptor_table/gate_descriptor.hpp b/arch/x86_64/include/arch/context_switching/descriptor_table/gate_descriptor.hpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..f410219
--- /dev/null
+++ b/arch/x86_64/include/arch/context_switching/descriptor_table/gate_descriptor.hpp
@@ -0,0 +1,15 @@
+#ifndef TEACHOS_ARCH_X86_64_CONTEXT_SWITCHING_DESCRIPTOR_TABLE_GATE_DESCRIPTOR_HPP
+#define TEACHOS_ARCH_X86_64_CONTEXT_SWITCHING_DESCRIPTOR_TABLE_GATE_DESCRIPTOR_HPP
+
+namespace teachos::arch::context_switching::descriptor_table
+{
+  struct [[gnu::packed]] gate_descriptor
+  {
+    /**
+     * @brief Default Constructor.
+     */
+    gate_descriptor() = default;
+  };
+}  // namespace teachos::arch::context_switching::descriptor_table
+
+#endif  // TEACHOS_ARCH_X86_64_CONTEXT_SWITCHING_DESCRIPTOR_TABLE_GATE_DESCRIPTOR_HPP
diff --git a/arch/x86_64/include/arch/context_switching/descriptor_table/initialization.hpp b/arch/x86_64/include/arch/context_switching/descriptor_table/initialization.hpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..c587000
--- /dev/null
+++ b/arch/x86_64/include/arch/context_switching/descriptor_table/initialization.hpp
@@ -0,0 +1,23 @@
+#ifndef TEACHOS_ARCH_X86_64_CONTEXT_SWITCHING_DESCRIPTOR_TABLE_HPP
+#define TEACHOS_ARCH_X86_64_CONTEXT_SWITCHING_DESCRIPTOR_TABLE_HPP
+
+#include "arch/context_switching/descriptor_table/global_descriptor_table.hpp"
+#include "arch/context_switching/descriptor_table/interrupt_descriptor_table.hpp"
+
+namespace teachos::arch::context_switching::descriptor_table
+{
+  /**
+   * @brief TODO
+   *
+   */
+  struct descriptor_tables
+  {
+    global_descriptor_table & gdt;     ///< Reference to the global descriptor table.
+    interrupt_descriptor_table & idt;  ///< Reference to the interrupt descriptor table.
+  };
+
+  auto initialize_descriptor_tables() -> descriptor_tables;
+
+}  // namespace teachos::arch::context_switching::descriptor_table
+
+#endif  // TEACHOS_ARCH_X86_64_CONTEXT_SWITCHING_DESCRIPTOR_TABLE_HPP
diff --git a/arch/x86_64/include/arch/context_switching/descriptor_table/interrupt_descriptor_table.hpp b/arch/x86_64/include/arch/context_switching/descriptor_table/interrupt_descriptor_table.hpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..c63932d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/arch/x86_64/include/arch/context_switching/descriptor_table/interrupt_descriptor_table.hpp
@@ -0,0 +1,14 @@
+#ifndef TEACHOS_ARCH_X86_64_CONTEXT_SWITCHING_DESCRIPTOR_TABLE_INTERRUPT_DESCRIPTOR_TABLE_HPP
+#define TEACHOS_ARCH_X86_64_CONTEXT_SWITCHING_DESCRIPTOR_TABLE_INTERRUPT_DESCRIPTOR_TABLE_HPP
+
+namespace teachos::arch::context_switching::descriptor_table
+{
+  struct interrupt_descriptor_table
+  {
+  };
+
+  auto initialize_interrupt_descriptor_table() -> void;
+
+}  // namespace teachos::arch::context_switching::descriptor_table
+
+#endif  // TEACHOS_ARCH_X86_64_CONTEXT_SWITCHING_DESCRIPTOR_TABLE_INTERRUPT_DESCRIPTOR_TABLE_HPP
diff --git a/arch/x86_64/include/arch/context_switching/descriptor_table/interrupt_descriptor_table_pointer.hpp b/arch/x86_64/include/arch/context_switching/descriptor_table/interrupt_descriptor_table_pointer.hpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..e8935f4
--- /dev/null
+++ b/arch/x86_64/include/arch/context_switching/descriptor_table/interrupt_descriptor_table_pointer.hpp
@@ -0,0 +1,42 @@
+#ifndef TEACHOS_ARCH_X86_64_CONTEXT_SWITCHING_DESCRIPTOR_TABLE_INTERRUPT_DESCRIPTOR_TABLE_POINTER_HPP
+#define TEACHOS_ARCH_X86_64_CONTEXT_SWITCHING_DESCRIPTOR_TABLE_INTERRUPT_DESCRIPTOR_TABLE_POINTER_HPP
+
+#include "arch/context_switching/descriptor_table/gate_descriptor.hpp"
+#include "arch/stl/vector.hpp"
+
+#include <cstdint>
+
+namespace teachos::arch::context_switching::descriptor_table
+{
+  typedef stl::vector<gate_descriptor> interrupt_descriptor_table;
+
+  /**
+   * @brief Represents a pointer to the Interrupt Descriptor Table (IDT).
+   *
+   * This structure is used to store the base address and length of the IDT.
+   */
+  struct [[gnu::packed]] interrupt_descriptor_table_pointer
+  {
+    /**
+     * @brief Default constructor.
+     */
+    interrupt_descriptor_table_pointer() = default;
+
+    /**
+     * @brief Constructor.
+     */
+    interrupt_descriptor_table_pointer(uint16_t table_length, interrupt_descriptor_table * address);
+
+    /**
+     * @brief Defaulted three-way comparsion operator.
+     */
+    auto operator<=>(interrupt_descriptor_table_pointer const & other) const -> std::strong_ordering = default;
+
+  private:
+    uint16_t table_length = {};  ///< The amount of segment descriptor entries in the global descriptor table - 1.
+    interrupt_descriptor_table address = {};  ///< Non-owning pointer to the IDT base address.
+  };
+
+}  // namespace teachos::arch::context_switching::descriptor_table
+
+#endif  // TEACHOS_ARCH_X86_64_CONTEXT_SWITCHING_DESCRIPTOR_TABLE_INTERRUPT_DESCRIPTOR_TABLE_POINTER_HPP
diff --git a/arch/x86_64/include/arch/kernel/cpu/idtr.hpp b/arch/x86_64/include/arch/kernel/cpu/idtr.hpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..724fbdf
--- /dev/null
+++ b/arch/x86_64/include/arch/kernel/cpu/idtr.hpp
@@ -0,0 +1,27 @@
+#ifndef TEACHOS_ARCH_X86_64_KERNEL_CPU_IDTR_HPP
+#define TEACHOS_ARCH_X86_64_KERNEL_CPU_IDTR_HPP
+
+#include "arch/context_switching/descriptor_table/global_descriptor_table_pointer.hpp"
+
+#include <bitset>
+#include <cstdint>
+
+namespace teachos::arch::kernel::cpu
+{
+
+  /**
+   * @brief Returns the value in the IDTR register.
+   *
+   * @return Value of IDTR register.
+   */
+  auto store_interrupt_descriptor_table() -> context_switching::descriptor_table::interrupt_descriptor_table_pointer;
+
+  /**
+   * @brief Loads the interrupt_descriptor_table_pointer into the interrupt descriptor table register (IDTR).
+   */
+  auto load_interrupt_descriptor_table(
+      context_switching::descriptor_table::interrupt_descriptor_table_pointer const & idt_pointer) -> void;
+
+}  // namespace teachos::arch::kernel::cpu
+
+#endif  // TEACHOS_ARCH_X86_64_KERNEL_CPU_IDTR_HPP
diff --git a/arch/x86_64/include/arch/kernel/cpu/if.hpp b/arch/x86_64/include/arch/kernel/cpu/if.hpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..51f5d9a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/arch/x86_64/include/arch/kernel/cpu/if.hpp
@@ -0,0 +1,14 @@
+#ifndef TEACHOS_ARCH_X86_64_KERNEL_CPU_IF_HPP
+#define TEACHOS_ARCH_X86_64_KERNEL_CPU_IF_HPP
+
+namespace teachos::arch::kernel::cpu
+{
+  /**
+   * @brief Sets the interrupt flag (IF) in the EFLAGS register.
+   * This allows the processor to respond to maskable hardware interrupts.
+   */
+  auto set_interrupt_flag() -> void;
+
+}  // namespace teachos::arch::kernel::cpu
+
+#endif  // TEACHOS_ARCH_X86_64_KERNEL_CPU_IF_HPP
diff --git a/arch/x86_64/include/arch/kernel/cpu/jmp.hpp b/arch/x86_64/include/arch/kernel/cpu/jmp.hpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..666174c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/arch/x86_64/include/arch/kernel/cpu/jmp.hpp
@@ -0,0 +1,35 @@
+#ifndef TEACHOS_ARCH_X86_64_KERNEL_CPU_JMP_HPP
+#define TEACHOS_ARCH_X86_64_KERNEL_CPU_JMP_HPP
+
+#include <cstdint>
+
+namespace teachos::arch::kernel::cpu
+{
+  /**
+   * @brief Far jump - A jump to an instruction located in a different segment.
+   */
+  struct [[gnu::packed]] far_pointer
+  {
+    uint64_t offset;   ///< Selector of the segment in which the jump occurs.
+    uint16_t segment;  ///< Address to jump to within the segment.
+  };
+
+  /**
+   * @brief Near jump - A jump to an instruction within the current code segment.
+   *
+   * @param address to jump to.
+   */
+  auto jmp(uint64_t address) -> void;
+
+  /**
+   * @brief Far jump - A jump to an instruction located in a different segment than the current code segment but at the
+   * same privilege level.
+   *
+   * @param segment in which the jump occurs.
+   * @param offset to jump to.
+   */
+  auto jmp(uint64_t segment, uint64_t offset) -> void;
+
+}  // namespace teachos::arch::kernel::cpu
+
+#endif  // TEACHOS_ARCH_X86_64_KERNEL_CPU_JMP_HPP