os: rework kernel architecture

Rework the code structure and architecture of the kernel by separating
platform-dependent and platform-independent code more cleanly. As of
this patchset, full feature parity has not been achieved. Nonetheless, a
sufficient subset of functionality has been ported to the new
architecture to demonstrate the feasibility of the new structure.

90 files changed, 545 insertions, 0 deletions

diff --git a/docs/pre/arch/x86_64.rst b/docs/pre/arch/x86_64.rst
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..dc432f1
--- /dev/null
+++ b/docs/pre/arch/x86_64.rst
@@ -0,0 +1,9 @@
+x86_64
+======
+
+.. toctree::
+   :maxdepth: 2
+   :caption: Contents:
+   :glob:
+
+   x86_64/*
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/docs/pre/arch/x86_64/boot.rst b/docs/pre/arch/x86_64/boot.rst
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..8be2a57
--- /dev/null
+++ b/docs/pre/arch/x86_64/boot.rst
@@ -0,0 +1,9 @@
+Boot Information Subsystem
+======================
+
+.. toctree::
+   :maxdepth: 2
+   :caption: Contents:
+   :glob:
+
+   boot/*
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/docs/pre/arch/x86_64/boot/pointers.rst b/docs/pre/arch/x86_64/boot/pointers.rst
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..3ec626a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/docs/pre/arch/x86_64/boot/pointers.rst
@@ -0,0 +1,5 @@
+Boot Information Structure
+=======================
+
+.. doxygenfile:: arch/x86_64/include/arch/boot/pointers.hpp
+
diff --git a/docs/pre/arch/x86_64/context_switching.rst b/docs/pre/arch/x86_64/context_switching.rst
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..c3b3b03
--- /dev/null
+++ b/docs/pre/arch/x86_64/context_switching.rst
@@ -0,0 +1,9 @@
+Context Switching Subsystem
+======================
+
+.. toctree::
+   :maxdepth: 2
+   :caption: Contents:
+   :glob:
+
+   context_switching/*
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/docs/pre/arch/x86_64/context_switching/interrupt_descriptor_table.rst b/docs/pre/arch/x86_64/context_switching/interrupt_descriptor_table.rst
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..dd6e478
--- /dev/null
+++ b/docs/pre/arch/x86_64/context_switching/interrupt_descriptor_table.rst
@@ -0,0 +1,9 @@
+Interrupt Descriptor Subsystem
+===========
+
+.. toctree::
+   :maxdepth: 2
+   :caption: Contents:
+   :glob:
+
+   interrupt_descriptor_table/*
diff --git a/docs/pre/arch/x86_64/context_switching/interrupt_descriptor_table/gate_descriptor.rst b/docs/pre/arch/x86_64/context_switching/interrupt_descriptor_table/gate_descriptor.rst
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..29e7586
--- /dev/null
+++ b/docs/pre/arch/x86_64/context_switching/interrupt_descriptor_table/gate_descriptor.rst
@@ -0,0 +1,5 @@
+Interrupt Gate Descriptor
+=======================
+
+.. doxygenfile:: arch/x86_64/include/arch/context_switching/interrupt_descriptor_table/gate_descriptor.hpp
+
diff --git a/docs/pre/arch/x86_64/context_switching/interrupt_descriptor_table/idt_flags.rst b/docs/pre/arch/x86_64/context_switching/interrupt_descriptor_table/idt_flags.rst
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..60e8c37
--- /dev/null
+++ b/docs/pre/arch/x86_64/context_switching/interrupt_descriptor_table/idt_flags.rst
@@ -0,0 +1,5 @@
+Interrupt Descriptor Flags
+=======================
+
+.. doxygenfile:: arch/x86_64/include/arch/context_switching/interrupt_descriptor_table/idt_flags.hpp
+
diff --git a/docs/pre/arch/x86_64/context_switching/interrupt_descriptor_table/interrupt_descriptor_table copy.rst b/docs/pre/arch/x86_64/context_switching/interrupt_descriptor_table/interrupt_descriptor_table copy.rst
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..a2b8997
--- /dev/null
+++ b/docs/pre/arch/x86_64/context_switching/interrupt_descriptor_table/interrupt_descriptor_table copy.rst
@@ -0,0 +1,5 @@
+Interrupt Descriptor Table
+=======================
+
+.. doxygenfile:: arch/x86_64/include/arch/context_switching/interrupt_descriptor_table/interrupt_descriptor_table.hpp
+
diff --git a/docs/pre/arch/x86_64/context_switching/interrupt_descriptor_table/interrupt_descriptor_table_pointer copy.rst b/docs/pre/arch/x86_64/context_switching/interrupt_descriptor_table/interrupt_descriptor_table_pointer copy.rst
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..3a8c259
--- /dev/null
+++ b/docs/pre/arch/x86_64/context_switching/interrupt_descriptor_table/interrupt_descriptor_table_pointer copy.rst
@@ -0,0 +1,5 @@
+Interrupt Descriptor Table Pointer
+=======================
+
+.. doxygenfile:: arch/x86_64/include/arch/context_switching/interrupt_descriptor_table/interrupt_descriptor_table_pointer.hpp
+
diff --git a/docs/pre/arch/x86_64/context_switching/interrupt_descriptor_table/ist_offset.rst b/docs/pre/arch/x86_64/context_switching/interrupt_descriptor_table/ist_offset.rst
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..ddba6ee
--- /dev/null
+++ b/docs/pre/arch/x86_64/context_switching/interrupt_descriptor_table/ist_offset.rst
@@ -0,0 +1,5 @@
+Interrupt Stack Table Offset
+=======================
+
+.. doxygenfile:: arch/x86_64/include/arch/context_switching/interrupt_descriptor_table/ist_offset.hpp
+
diff --git a/docs/pre/arch/x86_64/context_switching/interrupt_descriptor_table/segment_selector.rst b/docs/pre/arch/x86_64/context_switching/interrupt_descriptor_table/segment_selector.rst
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..2da142e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/docs/pre/arch/x86_64/context_switching/interrupt_descriptor_table/segment_selector.rst
@@ -0,0 +1,5 @@
+Segment Selector
+=======================
+
+.. doxygenfile:: arch/x86_64/include/arch/context_switching/interrupt_descriptor_table/segment_selector.hpp
+
diff --git a/docs/pre/arch/x86_64/context_switching/main.rst b/docs/pre/arch/x86_64/context_switching/main.rst
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..e9e8a35
--- /dev/null
+++ b/docs/pre/arch/x86_64/context_switching/main.rst
@@ -0,0 +1,5 @@
+Context Switching Main
+=======================
+
+.. doxygenfile:: arch/x86_64/include/arch/context_switching/main.hpp
+
diff --git a/docs/pre/arch/x86_64/context_switching/segment_descriptor_table.rst b/docs/pre/arch/x86_64/context_switching/segment_descriptor_table.rst
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..449622d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/docs/pre/arch/x86_64/context_switching/segment_descriptor_table.rst
@@ -0,0 +1,9 @@
+Segment Descriptor Subsystem
+===========
+
+.. toctree::
+   :maxdepth: 2
+   :caption: Contents:
+   :glob:
+
+   segment_descriptor_table/*
diff --git a/docs/pre/arch/x86_64/context_switching/segment_descriptor_table/access_byte.rst b/docs/pre/arch/x86_64/context_switching/segment_descriptor_table/access_byte.rst
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..f2e7d67
--- /dev/null
+++ b/docs/pre/arch/x86_64/context_switching/segment_descriptor_table/access_byte.rst
@@ -0,0 +1,5 @@
+Access Byte
+=======================
+
+.. doxygenfile:: arch/x86_64/include/arch/context_switching/segment_descriptor_table/access_byte.hpp
+
diff --git a/docs/pre/arch/x86_64/context_switching/segment_descriptor_table/gdt_flags.rst b/docs/pre/arch/x86_64/context_switching/segment_descriptor_table/gdt_flags.rst
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..faa2ffc
--- /dev/null
+++ b/docs/pre/arch/x86_64/context_switching/segment_descriptor_table/gdt_flags.rst
@@ -0,0 +1,5 @@
+Global Descriptor Table Flags
+=======================
+
+.. doxygenfile:: arch/x86_64/include/arch/context_switching/segment_descriptor_table/gdt_flags.hpp
+
diff --git a/docs/pre/arch/x86_64/context_switching/segment_descriptor_table/global_descriptor_table.rst b/docs/pre/arch/x86_64/context_switching/segment_descriptor_table/global_descriptor_table.rst
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..35403db
--- /dev/null
+++ b/docs/pre/arch/x86_64/context_switching/segment_descriptor_table/global_descriptor_table.rst
@@ -0,0 +1,5 @@
+Global Descriptor Table
+=======================
+
+.. doxygenfile:: arch/x86_64/include/arch/context_switching/segment_descriptor_table/global_descriptor_table.hpp
+
diff --git a/docs/pre/arch/x86_64/context_switching/segment_descriptor_table/global_descriptor_table_pointer.rst b/docs/pre/arch/x86_6